Wildfires can have lasting effects on human health and well-being long after the flames are extinguished. Exposure to wildfire smoke—especially fine particulate matter—can lead to respiratory issues, cardiovascular problems, and worsened chronic conditions like asthma or COPD. Mental health impacts are also significant: survivors often experience anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress due to displacement, loss of property, and community disruption. Vulnerable populations, including children, elders, and those with preexisting health conditions, are especially at risk. Recovery can be prolonged, as access to clean air, safe housing, and medical care may remain limited in affected areas.